Editing

Editing and Film Making

Editing is the stage in the film-making process in which sound and images are organised to construct an overall narrative. It is how a film maker puts together and considers cuts/cutting and applies transitions, special effects etc. to communicate a narrative to an audience.

Continuity is to make sure things are continuous in editing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggFKLxAQBbc

Editing Techniques

Cut - Used to either change the position of the camera or frame or to add perspective. Cuts from one shot to another, but remains in the same scene.

Cut away - the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.

Cross-Cutting - Cutting between two different shots. Used to add suspension to the scene.

Jump cuts - Used to show the passing of time. Jumps from one point of time to another. 

Match cut - Cuts to one shot to another where there is a similar feature within the frame. Can also be verbal.

Fade in/out - Simple face from or to black.

Dissolve - Used to change the scene and can show a passing in time.

Smash Cut - Usually shown to transition into or from a nightmare. Use for dramatic effect.

Iris Cut - Used to show a transition. Mainly only for show.

Wipe Cut - Swipes across the frame to transition to a different scene.

Invisible Cut - Hides a cut within a black screen to give the impression of a single take.

L-Cut - Audio is in a frame where it isn't visually present.

J-Cut - Where the audio starts before the scenes visuals appear.

The Matrix

- Cut 0.13

- Cross-Cutting 0.10

- L Cut 0.02

- Dissolve 0.27

Continuity Errors

A     At 0.03 theres coke in the glass, in 0.05 there isn't.

       At 0.21 he has orange juice, and at 0.30 he has water.

      At 0.36 a bottle of wine appears in the shot.

      At 0.37 the tv is on in the background.

At 0.40 a second bottle of wine appears in the shot. 

The 180 Degree Rule - Purpose is to orientate the viewer, to establish the placement of characters.

Breaking the 180 degree rule will disorientate the viewer

as the characters will appear incorrectly placed. 

Match On Action is multiple cuts to show one continuous action. 

•Match on action is part of invisible editing which creates flow when watching a scene.

•The cuts MATCH together so that the audience know it is one action.

Shot Reverse Shot

•Shot reverse shot is when a shot goes from shot A, shot B, shot A, shot B etc.

•It goes continuously back and forth between the 2 shots to show there is a connection between them

•It is often used in conversations so you see what both characters are saying

•It is a form of eye-line matching if the character is looking at someone and the next shot is what they look at  

Eye Line Match

Shot A: character is looking off screen

Shot B: what character is looking at 

Is a following shot that follows what character is looking at, makes cuts smoother the audience expects the cut to happen and is eager to see what happens next/what character sees.

Cross Cutting

•Technique of continuously alternating 2 or more scenes that often happen simultaneously (at same time) but in different locations.

•As they cross, pace gradually gets faster and fast and tension builds

•Often the parallel scenes will intersect to create a climax.

Insert Shot

•In film, an insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot (original/establishing shot). Inserts cover action already covered in the master shot, but emphasize a different aspect of that action due to the different framing. 

•An insert differs from a cutaway as cutaways cover action not covered in the master shot.

–CLOSE-UP of the gunfighter,

–INSERT of his hand quivering above the holster,

–TWO SHOT of his friends watching anxiously,

–INSERT of the clock ticking.

Evaluation of my First Production

I think that my first production went relatively good for a first time video, however there were still some errors. One of the shots that was filmed wasn't in focus, which was at the fault of the camera man. However, I felt like the clips all merged together rather smoothly, and I experimented with several different transitions when editing the video Although some I used were tacky and seemed very unprofessional and unappealing to look at, it helped me to learn how the effects and transitions work in Adobe Premier Pro. I personally quite liked the fade out to black effect best as it was simple yet very effective. Another thing that didn't quite go so well was that the video was expected to be roughly a minute long, and my finished and edited video only made it to forty-eight seconds.